492 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
492 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# 增益/减益状态系统
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<cite>
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**本文档引用的文件**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts)
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts)
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- [HeroAttrs.ts](file://assets/script/game/common/config/HeroAttrs.ts)
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- [SkillSet.ts](file://assets/script/game/common/config/SkillSet.ts)
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- [timedCom.ts](file://assets/script/game/skill/timedCom.ts)
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- [Hero.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/Hero.ts)
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</cite>
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## 目录
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1. [系统概述](#系统概述)
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2. [核心组件架构](#核心组件架构)
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3. [状态系统设计](#状态系统设计)
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4. [状态持续时间管理](#状态持续时间管理)
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5. [视觉反馈机制](#视觉反馈机制)
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6. [状态叠加与刷新策略](#状态叠加与刷新策略)
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7. [状态特效节点管理](#状态特效节点管理)
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8. [生命周期管理](#生命周期管理)
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9. [性能优化措施](#性能优化措施)
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10. [使用示例与最佳实践](#使用示例与最佳实践)
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## 系统概述
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增益/减益状态系统是一个复杂的状态管理框架，负责管理英雄的各种状态效果，包括攻击提升、防御增强、灼烧、冰冻、眩晕等多种状态。该系统采用ECS架构设计，通过分离的状态管理组件和视觉反馈组件协同工作，实现了高效的状态管理和实时的视觉反馈。
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### 主要特性
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- **多重叠加支持**：同一属性允许多个增益/减益效果同时存在
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- **持久与临时状态**：支持永久buff和限时debuff的统一管理
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- **类型化属性系统**：区分数值型和百分比型属性的不同计算方式
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- **实时视觉反馈**：状态变化时的即时视觉效果展示
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- **性能优化**：通过对象池和定时器复用提升系统效率
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## 核心组件架构
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系统由三个核心组件构成，每个组件承担不同的职责：
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```mermaid
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classDiagram
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class HeroViewComp {
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+Record~number,Array~ BUFFS
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+Record~number,Array~ BUFFS_TEMP
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+Object NeAttrs
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+addBuff(buffConf)
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+removeBuff(attrIndex, value, isPermanent)
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+clearBuffs(attrIndex, isBuff)
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+recalculateSingleAttr(attrIndex)
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+updateTemporaryBuffsDebuffs(dt)
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}
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class BuffComp {
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+Node top_node
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+Node ap_node
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+Node cd_node
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+Node def_node
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+Node hp_node
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+Node crit_node
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+number ap_cd
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+number cd_cd
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+number def_cd
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+number hp_cd
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+number crit_cd
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+Timer timer
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+hp_show(hp, hp_max)
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+mp_show(mp, mp_max)
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+show_shield(shield, shield_max)
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+show_do_buff(name)
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+in_iced(t, ap)
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+in_fired(t, ap)
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+in_yun(t, ap)
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}
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class timedCom {
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+number time
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+number cd
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+number ap
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+update(deltaTime)
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}
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HeroViewComp --> BuffComp : "管理视觉反馈"
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HeroViewComp --> timedCom : "创建临时状态"
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BuffComp --> timedCom : "管理特效节点"
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L44-L84)
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L0-L46)
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- [timedCom.ts](file://assets/script/game/skill/timedCom.ts#L0-L24)
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**章节来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L44-L84)
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L0-L46)
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## 状态系统设计
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### 数据结构设计
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系统采用统一的数组设计模式，支持多种类型的状态管理：
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```mermaid
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erDiagram
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HeroViewComp {
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Record BUFFS
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Record BUFFS_TEMP
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Object NeAttrs
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}
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BuffConf {
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Attrs buff
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BType BType
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number value
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number time
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number chance
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}
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BuffInstance {
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number value
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BType BType
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number remainTime
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}
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NeAttrInstance {
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number value
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number time
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}
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HeroViewComp ||--o{ BuffInstance : "管理"
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BuffConf ||--|| BuffInstance : "转换为"
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HeroViewComp ||--o{ NeAttrInstance : "管理负面状态"
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L20-L47)
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- [SkillSet.ts](file://assets/script/game/common/config/SkillSet.ts#L80-L90)
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### 属性类型系统
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系统定义了两种属性类型，每种类型采用不同的计算方式：
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| 属性类型 | 描述 | 计算公式 | 示例 |
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|---------|------|----------|------|
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| 数值型 (VALUE) | 直接加减绝对数值 | `(基础值 + 所有数值型buff之和) × (1 + 所有百分比buff之和/100)` | 攻击力、防御力、生命值 |
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| 百分比型 (RATIO) | 按百分比计算 | 基础值 + 所有数值型buff之和 + 所有百分比buff之和 | 暴击率、闪避率、伤害加成 |
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**章节来源**
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- [HeroAttrs.ts](file://assets/script/game/common/config/HeroAttrs.ts#L142-L226)
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L251-L320)
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## 状态持续时间管理
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### cd字段族系统
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系统通过专门的cd字段族来管理各种状态的持续时间：
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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A[状态触发] --> B{判断状态类型}
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B --> |增益状态| C[设置ap_cd字段]
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B --> |减益状态| D[设置deap_cd字段]
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C --> E[启动计时器]
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D --> F[启动计时器]
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E --> G[更新视觉反馈]
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F --> G
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G --> H{计时结束?}
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H --> |否| I[继续监控]
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H --> |是| J[清除状态]
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I --> G
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J --> K[更新属性计算]
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L15-L30)
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### 定时器更新机制
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系统采用帧更新的方式管理状态持续时间：
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant Game as "游戏主循环"
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participant Hero as "HeroViewComp"
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participant Timer as "updateTemporaryBuffsDebuffs"
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participant Buff as "状态容器"
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Game->>Hero : update(deltaTime)
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Hero->>Timer : 调用定时器更新
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Timer->>Buff : 遍历BUFFS_TEMP
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loop 每个临时buff
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Buff->>Buff : remainTime -= deltaTime
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alt remainTime <= 0
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Buff->>Buff : 从数组移除
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Buff->>Hero : 标记属性受影响
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end
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end
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Timer->>Hero : 重新计算受影响属性
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Hero->>Game : 状态更新完成
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L350-L400)
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**章节来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L350-L400)
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## 视觉反馈机制
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### UI同步逻辑
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系统通过专门的方法管理UI元素的显示状态：
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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A[状态变化] --> B[调用相应显示方法]
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B --> C{状态类型}
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C --> |生命值| D[hp_show方法]
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C --> |魔法值| E[mp_show方法]
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C --> |护盾| F[show_shield方法]
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C --> |特殊效果| G[show_do_buff方法]
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D --> H[更新进度条]
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E --> H
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F --> H
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G --> I[创建特效节点]
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H --> J[延迟更新确保同步]
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I --> K[设置位置和时间]
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J --> L[视觉反馈完成]
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K --> L
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L60-L120)
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### 特效节点管理
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系统支持动态创建和销毁状态特效节点：
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| 方法名 | 功能 | 参数 | 创建的节点类型 |
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|--------|------|------|---------------|
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| `show_do_buff` | 显示通用状态特效 | `name: string` | buff_xxx.prefab |
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| `in_iced` | 显示冰冻状态特效 | `t: number, ap: number` | buff_iced.prefab |
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| `in_fired` | 显示燃烧状态特效 | `t: number, ap: number` | buff_fired.prefab |
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| `in_yun` | 显示眩晕状态特效 | `t: number, ap: number` | buff_yun.prefab |
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| `dead` | 显示死亡特效 | 无 | dead.prefab |
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**章节来源**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L120-L200)
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## 状态叠加与刷新策略
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### 叠加规则
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系统支持同属性多实例叠加，每种状态实例保持独立：
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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A[添加新状态] --> B{检查属性是否存在}
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B --> |不存在| C[创建新数组]
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B --> |存在| D[添加到现有数组]
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C --> E[设置状态实例]
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D --> E
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E --> F{状态类型判断}
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F --> |持久| G[BUFFS数组]
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F --> |临时| H[BUFFS_TEMP数组]
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G --> I[直接添加]
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H --> J[添加remainTime字段]
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I --> K[重新计算属性]
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J --> K
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K --> L[触发视觉更新]
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L217-L251)
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### 刷新与清除策略
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系统提供了多种状态清除机制：
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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A[状态清除请求] --> B{清除范围}
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B --> |单属性| C[clearBuffsForAttr]
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B --> |全属性| D[遍历所有属性]
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C --> E{过滤条件}
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E --> |增益| F[value > 0]
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E --> |减益| G[value < 0]
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E --> |全部| H[无条件清除]
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F --> I[过滤并保留符合条件的buff]
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G --> I
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H --> I
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I --> J{数组是否为空}
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J --> |是| K[删除属性条目]
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J --> |否| L[保留数组]
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K --> M[重新计算属性]
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L --> M
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M --> N[更新视觉反馈]
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L421-L459)
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**章节来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L217-L251)
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L421-L459)
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## 状态特效节点管理
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### 动态创建流程
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状态特效节点的创建遵循统一的流程：
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant System as "状态系统"
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participant Manager as "BuffComp"
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participant Resource as "资源管理器"
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participant Scene as "场景节点"
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participant Timed as "timedCom组件"
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System->>Manager : 请求创建特效
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Manager->>Resource : 获取预制体资源
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Resource-->>Manager : 返回Prefab对象
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Manager->>Manager : instantiate(prefab)
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Manager->>Scene : 设置父节点
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Manager->>Manager : setPosition(position)
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alt 临时状态特效
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Manager->>Timed : 设置时间参数
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Timed->>Timed : 启动定时器
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Timed->>Scene : 自动销毁
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end
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Manager-->>System : 特效创建完成
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L120-L180)
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- [timedCom.ts](file://assets/script/game/skill/timedCom.ts#L0-L24)
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### 销毁机制
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临时状态特效通过定时器组件自动销毁：
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```mermaid
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stateDiagram-v2
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[*] --> Created : instantiate()
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Created --> Active : setPosition()
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Active --> Updating : update(deltaTime)
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Updating --> Active : remainTime > 0
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Updating --> Destroyed : remainTime <= 0
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Destroyed --> [*] : node.destroy()
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [timedCom.ts](file://assets/script/game/skill/timedCom.ts#L15-L24)
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**章节来源**
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L120-L180)
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- [timedCom.ts](file://assets/script/game/skill/timedCom.ts#L0-L24)
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## 生命周期管理
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### 完整生命周期示例
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以冰冻状态为例，展示状态的完整生命周期：
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```mermaid
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sequenceDiagram
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participant Skill as "技能系统"
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participant Hero as "HeroViewComp"
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participant Buff as "BuffComp"
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participant Effect as "特效系统"
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participant UI as "UI系统"
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Note over Skill,UI : 冰冻状态触发
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Skill->>Hero : addBuff(冰冻配置)
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Hero->>Hero : 添加到BUFFS_TEMP
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Hero->>Hero : recalculateSingleAttr(DEF)
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Hero->>Buff : in_iced(duration, ap)
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Buff->>Effect : 创建buff_iced特效
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Effect->>Effect : 设置remainTime
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Buff->>UI : 更新防御显示
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UI-->>Buff : 视觉反馈确认
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loop 每帧更新
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Hero->>Hero : updateTemporaryBuffsDebuffs(dt)
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Hero->>Hero : 减少remainTime
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alt remainTime <= 0
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Hero->>Hero : 从BUFFS_TEMP移除
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Hero->>Hero : recalculateSingleAttr(DEF)
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Hero->>Buff : 清除特效
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Hero->>UI : 更新防御显示
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end
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end
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```
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**图表来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L217-L251)
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- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L150-L170)
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### 状态移除流程
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系统提供了多种状态移除方式：
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| 移除方式 | 触发条件 | 影响范围 | 性能影响 |
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|----------|----------|----------|----------|
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| 自然消失 | remainTime <= 0 | 单个状态 | 低 |
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| 主动清除 | clearBuffs() | 指定属性 | 中等 |
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| 类型过滤清除 | clearBuffs(attrIndex, isBuff) | 指定属性和类型 | 中等 |
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| 全部清除 | clearAllNeAttrs() | 所有负面状态 | 高 |
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**章节来源**
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L385-L425)
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- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L457-L500)
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## 性能优化措施
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### 对象池应用
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虽然当前实现中没有显式的对象池，但系统设计考虑了以下优化点：
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1. **定时器复用**：使用统一的Timer实例管理多个状态的计时
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2. **数组操作优化**：采用splice而非filter进行状态移除
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3. **批量属性计算**：通过Set记录受影响属性，避免重复计算
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### 内存管理策略
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```mermaid
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||
flowchart TD
|
||
A[状态添加] --> B[检查内存使用]
|
||
B --> C{超出阈值?}
|
||
C --> |否| D[正常添加]
|
||
C --> |是| E[触发垃圾回收]
|
||
E --> F[清理无效状态]
|
||
F --> G[压缩数组结构]
|
||
G --> D
|
||
D --> H[更新统计信息]
|
||
H --> I[监控内存使用]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 更新频率优化
|
||
|
||
系统采用智能更新策略：
|
||
|
||
- **暂停检测**：在游戏暂停时跳过状态更新
|
||
- **属性变更追踪**：只重新计算受影响的属性
|
||
- **延迟更新**：使用scheduleOnce确保UI同步
|
||
|
||
**章节来源**
|
||
- [BuffComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/BuffComp.ts#L40-L50)
|
||
- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L470-L490)
|
||
|
||
## 使用示例与最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 基本使用模式
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
// 添加攻击提升buff
|
||
const attackBuff: BuffConf = {
|
||
buff: Attrs.AP,
|
||
BType: BType.VALUE,
|
||
value: 50,
|
||
time: 10,
|
||
chance: 100
|
||
};
|
||
hero.addBuff(attackBuff);
|
||
|
||
// 添加百分比伤害加成
|
||
const damageBuff: BuffConf = {
|
||
buff: Attrs.AP,
|
||
BType: BType.RATIO,
|
||
value: 20,
|
||
time: 5,
|
||
chance: 80
|
||
};
|
||
hero.addBuff(damageBuff);
|
||
|
||
// 清除特定属性的所有增益
|
||
hero.clearBuffs(Attrs.AP, true);
|
||
|
||
// 清除所有负面状态
|
||
hero.clearAllNeAttrs();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 最佳实践建议
|
||
|
||
1. **状态优先级管理**：合理安排状态的添加顺序
|
||
2. **性能监控**：定期检查状态数量，避免过多叠加
|
||
3. **视觉反馈同步**：确保状态变化时UI及时更新
|
||
4. **内存泄漏预防**：及时清理不再需要的状态
|
||
5. **状态冲突处理**：避免相同属性的相互抵消
|
||
|
||
### 常见问题解决
|
||
|
||
| 问题 | 原因 | 解决方案 |
|
||
|------|------|----------|
|
||
| 状态不消失 | remainTime未正确更新 | 检查updateTemporaryBuffsDebuffs调用 |
|
||
| UI显示异常 | 视觉反馈未触发 | 确认BuffComp相关方法被调用 |
|
||
| 性能下降 | 状态数量过多 | 实施状态数量限制和定期清理 |
|
||
| 内存泄漏 | 特效节点未销毁 | 检查timedCom组件的自动销毁机制 |
|
||
|
||
**章节来源**
|
||
- [HeroViewComp.ts](file://assets/script/game/hero/HeroViewComp.ts#L44-L84)
|
||
- [SkillSet.ts](file://assets/script/game/common/config/SkillSet.ts#L80-L90) |