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docs/engine-reference/unity/modules/rendering.md

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+# Unity 6.3 — Rendering Module Reference
+
+**Last verified:** 2026-02-13
+**Knowledge Gap:** LLM trained on Unity 2022 LTS; Unity 6 has major rendering changes
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+Unity 6.3 LTS uses **Scriptable Render Pipelines (SRP)** as the modern rendering architecture:
+- **URP (Universal Render Pipeline)**: Cross-platform, mobile-friendly (RECOMMENDED)
+- **HDRP (High Definition Render Pipeline)**: High-end PC/console, photorealistic
+- **Built-in Pipeline**: Deprecated, avoid for new projects
+
+---
+
+## Key Changes from 2022 LTS
+
+### RenderGraph API (Unity 6+)
+Custom render passes now use RenderGraph instead of CommandBuffer:
+
+```csharp
+// ✅ Unity 6+ (RenderGraph)
+public override void RecordRenderGraph(RenderGraph renderGraph, ContextContainer frameData) {
+    using var builder = renderGraph.AddRasterRenderPass<PassData>("MyPass", out var passData);
+    builder.SetRenderFunc((PassData data, RasterGraphContext ctx) => {
+        // Rendering commands
+    });
+}
+
+// ❌ Old (CommandBuffer - still works but deprecated)
+public override void Execute(ScriptableRenderContext context, ref RenderingData data) { }
+```
+
+### GPU Resident Drawer (Unity 6+)
+Automatic batching for massive draw call reduction:
+
+```csharp
+// Enable in URP Asset settings:
+// Rendering > GPU Resident Drawer = Enabled
+// Automatically batches thousands of objects with minimal CPU overhead
+```
+
+---
+
+## URP Quick Reference
+
+### Creating a URP Asset
+1. `Assets > Create > Rendering > URP Asset (with Universal Renderer)`
+2. Assign to `Project Settings > Graphics > Scriptable Render Pipeline Settings`
+
+### URP Renderer Features
+Add custom render passes:
+
+```csharp
+using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal;
+
+public class OutlineRendererFeature : ScriptableRendererFeature {
+    OutlineRenderPass pass;
+
+    public override void Create() {
+        pass = new OutlineRenderPass();
+    }
+
+    public override void AddRenderPasses(ScriptableRenderer renderer, ref RenderingData data) {
+        renderer.EnqueuePass(pass);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Materials & Shaders
+
+### Shader Graph (Visual Shader Editor)
+Unity 6 Shader Graph is production-ready for all shader types:
+
+```csharp
+// Create: Assets > Create > Shader Graph > URP > Lit Shader Graph
+// No code needed, visual node-based editing
+```
+
+### HLSL Custom Shaders (URP)
+
+```hlsl
+// URP Lit shader template
+Shader "Custom/URPLit" {
+    Properties {
+        _BaseColor ("Base Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
+    }
+    SubShader {
+        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "RenderPipeline"="UniversalPipeline" }
+
+        Pass {
+            Name "ForwardLit"
+            Tags { "LightMode"="UniversalForward" }
+
+            HLSLPROGRAM
+            #pragma vertex vert
+            #pragma fragment frag
+            #include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
+
+            struct Attributes {
+                float4 positionOS : POSITION;
+            };
+
+            struct Varyings {
+                float4 positionCS : SV_POSITION;
+            };
+
+            Varyings vert(Attributes input) {
+                Varyings output;
+                output.positionCS = TransformObjectToHClip(input.positionOS.xyz);
+                return output;
+            }
+
+            half4 frag(Varyings input) : SV_Target {
+                return half4(1, 0, 0, 1); // Red
+            }
+            ENDHLSL
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Lighting
+
+### Baked Lighting (Unity 6 Progressive Lightmapper)
+
+```csharp
+// Mark objects as static: Inspector > Static > Contribute GI
+// Bake: Window > Rendering > Lighting > Generate Lighting
+```
+
+### Real-Time Lights (URP)
+
+```csharp
+// Main Light (Directional): Auto-handled by URP
+// Additional Lights: Limited by "Additional Lights" setting in URP Asset
+
+// Check light count in shader:
+int lightCount = GetAdditionalLightsCount();
+```
+
+---
+
+## Post-Processing
+
+### Volume System (Unity 6+)
+
+```csharp
+using UnityEngine.Rendering;
+using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal;
+
+// Add Volume component to GameObject
+// Add Volume Profile asset
+// Configure effects: Bloom, Color Grading, Depth of Field, etc.
+
+// Script access:
+Volume volume = GetComponent<Volume>();
+if (volume.profile.TryGet<Bloom>(out var bloom)) {
+    bloom.intensity.value = 2.5f;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance
+
+### SRP Batcher (Auto-batching)
+
+```csharp
+// Enable: URP Asset > Advanced > SRP Batcher = Enabled
+// Batches draws with same shader variant (minimal CPU overhead)
+```
+
+### GPU Instancing
+
+```csharp
+// Material: Enable "Enable GPU Instancing" checkbox
+// Batches identical meshes (same material + mesh)
+
+Graphics.RenderMeshInstanced(
+    new RenderParams(material),
+    mesh,
+    0,
+    matrices // NativeArray<Matrix4x4>
+);
+```
+
+### Occlusion Culling
+
+```csharp
+// Window > Rendering > Occlusion Culling
+// Bake occlusion data for static geometry
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common Patterns
+
+### Custom Camera Rendering
+
+```csharp
+// Get URP camera data
+var cameraData = frameData.Get<UniversalCameraData>();
+var camera = cameraData.camera;
+
+// Access render targets
+var colorTarget = cameraData.renderer.cameraColorTargetHandle;
+```
+
+### Screen-Space Effects
+
+```csharp
+// Create ScriptableRendererFeature
+// Inject pass at specific point: AfterRenderingOpaques, AfterRenderingTransparents, etc.
+```
+
+---
+
+## Debugging
+
+### Frame Debugger
+- `Window > Analysis > Frame Debugger`
+- Step through draw calls, inspect state
+
+### Rendering Debugger (Unity 6+)
+- `Window > Analysis > Rendering Debugger`
+- Live view of URP settings, overdraw, lighting
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+- https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal@17.0/manual/index.html
+- https://docs.unity3d.com/6000.0/Documentation/Manual/render-pipelines.html