feat(规则管理): 添加主题规则自动发现设备功能

实现设备自动发现规则管理系统，包含以下主要功能：
1. 新增规则管理页面和API，支持创建、编辑和删除主题匹配规则
2. 添加规则匹配引擎，支持+和#通配符匹配设备主题
3. 实现Broker设备注册表，自动发现并管理符合规则的设备
4. 扩展仪表盘显示Broker信息和活跃主题
5. 修改设备卡片和详情页以区分规则发现的设备
6. 添加相关测试用例确保功能稳定性

tests/test_broker_devices.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from mqtt_home.broker_devices import BrokerDevice, BrokerDeviceRegistry
+
+
+def make_rule(id=1, topic_pattern="home/+/state", device_type="switch",
+              command_template="home/{device_id}/set", state_value_path="state",
+              is_enabled=True):
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        id=id, topic_pattern=topic_pattern, device_type=device_type,
+        command_template=command_template, state_value_path=state_value_path,
+        is_enabled=is_enabled,
+    )
+
+
+def test_create_device_on_match():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule()
+    device = registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    assert device is not None
+    assert device.id == "broker:fire"
+    assert device.name == "fire"
+    assert device.type == "switch"
+    assert device.state == "on"
+    assert device.command_topic == "home/fire/set"
+    assert device.is_online is True
+    assert device.rule_id == 1
+
+
+def test_update_existing_device():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule()
+    registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    device = registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"off"}', rule)
+    assert device.state == "off"
+    assert len(registry.get_all()) == 1
+
+
+def test_different_topics_different_devices():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule()
+    registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    registry.update_or_create("home/servo/state", '{"state":"off"}', rule)
+    assert len(registry.get_all()) == 2
+
+
+def test_no_match_returns_none():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule(topic_pattern="home/+/state")
+    result = registry.update_or_create("living/light/status", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_remove_by_rule():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule1 = make_rule(id=1)
+    rule2 = make_rule(id=2, topic_pattern="sensor/+/data")
+    registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule1)
+    registry.update_or_create("sensor/temp/data", '{"value":25}', rule2)
+    assert len(registry.get_all()) == 2
+    removed = registry.remove_by_rule(1)
+    assert removed == ["broker:fire"]
+    assert len(registry.get_all()) == 1
+    assert registry.get("broker:fire") is None
+
+
+def test_full_payload_as_state():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule(state_value_path=None)
+    device = registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on","brightness":128}', rule)
+    assert device.state == '{"state":"on","brightness":128}'
+
+
+def test_get_device():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule()
+    registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    assert registry.get("broker:fire") is not None
+    assert registry.get("broker:nonexistent") is None
+
+
+def test_clear():
+    registry = BrokerDeviceRegistry()
+    rule = make_rule()
+    registry.update_or_create("home/fire/state", '{"state":"on"}', rule)
+    registry.clear()
+    assert len(registry.get_all()) == 0

tests/test_rule_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import pytest
+from mqtt_home.rule_registry import list_rules, get_rule, create_rule, update_rule, delete_rule
+from mqtt_home.schemas import RuleCreate, RuleUpdate
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_rule(db_session):
+    rule = await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(
+        name="Test Rule",
+        topic_pattern="home/+/state",
+        device_type="switch",
+        command_template="home/{device_id}/set",
+        state_value_path="state",
+    ))
+    assert rule.id is not None
+    assert rule.name == "Test Rule"
+    assert rule.topic_pattern == "home/+/state"
+    assert rule.is_enabled is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_list_rules(db_session):
+    await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(name="Rule 1", topic_pattern="a/+"))
+    await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(name="Rule 2", topic_pattern="b/+"))
+    rules = await list_rules(db_session)
+    assert len(rules) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_rule(db_session):
+    created = await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(name="Test", topic_pattern="x/+"))
+    rule = await get_rule(db_session, created.id)
+    assert rule is not None
+    assert rule.name == "Test"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_get_rule_not_found(db_session):
+    rule = await get_rule(db_session, 99999)
+    assert rule is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_rule(db_session):
+    created = await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(name="Original", topic_pattern="x/+"))
+    updated = await update_rule(db_session, created.id, RuleUpdate(name="Updated"))
+    assert updated.name == "Updated"
+    assert updated.topic_pattern == "x/+"  # unchanged
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_rule_not_found(db_session):
+    result = await update_rule(db_session, 99999, RuleUpdate(name="X"))
+    assert result is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_delete_rule(db_session):
+    created = await create_rule(db_session, RuleCreate(name="To Delete", topic_pattern="x/+"))
+    assert await delete_rule(db_session, created.id) is True
+    assert await get_rule(db_session, created.id) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_delete_rule_not_found(db_session):
+    assert await delete_rule(db_session, 99999) is False

tests/test_topic_matcher.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from mqtt_home.topic_matcher import match_topic, extract_device_id, build_command_topic, extract_state_value
+
+
+def test_match_topic_single_plus():
+    assert match_topic("home/fire/state", "home/+/state") == {"1": "fire"}
+
+
+def test_match_topic_no_match():
+    assert match_topic("home/fire/state", "home/living/state") is None
+
+
+def test_match_topic_hash():
+    # # at end matches remaining segments
+    result = match_topic("home/fire/brightness", "home/fire/#")
+    assert result is not None
+    assert "2" in result  # # is at index 2
+
+
+def test_match_topic_multiple_plus():
+    assert match_topic("home/fire/living/state", "home/+/+/state") == {"1": "fire", "2": "living"}
+
+
+def test_match_topic_hash_matches_empty():
+    assert match_topic("home/fire/", "home/fire/#") is not None
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_single_plus():
+    assert extract_device_id("home/fire/state", "home/+/state") == "fire"
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_no_match():
+    assert extract_device_id("home/fire/state", "home/living/state") is None
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_hash():
+    assert extract_device_id("home/fire/brightness", "home/fire/#") == "brightness"
+
+
+def test_extract_device_id_multiple_plus():
+    # Returns last + match
+    assert extract_device_id("home/fire/living/state", "home/+/+/state") == "living"
+
+
+def test_build_command_topic_basic():
+    assert build_command_topic("home/{device_id}/set", "fire") == "home/fire/set"
+
+
+def test_build_command_topic_none():
+    assert build_command_topic(None, "fire") is None
+    assert build_command_topic("", "fire") is None
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_json_path():
+    assert extract_state_value('{"state":"on"}', "state") == "on"
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_no_path():
+    assert extract_state_value('{"state":"on"}', None) == '{"state":"on"}'
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_plain_text():
+    assert extract_state_value("plain text", "state") == "plain text"
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_nested_path():
+    assert extract_state_value('{"brightness":255}', "brightness") == "255"
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_missing_key():
+    assert extract_state_value('{"temperature":22}', "humidity") == '{"temperature":22}'
+
+
+def test_extract_state_value_numeric_value():
+    assert extract_state_value('{"brightness":255}', "brightness") == "255"